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Intracellular calcium levels were imaged in stage V oocytes by confocal microscopy. Fluo-3 or
Calcium green fluorescent indicators undergo a shift in wavelength upon binding free calcium ions.
Calcium levels at rest are ~50-100 nM (black or gray) and rise to ~500 nM at peak values (shown as
green or white). Experimental manipulations with oocytes expressing muscarinic type 2 (M2) or muscarinic
type 3 (M3) are indicated. Caged IP3 or GTPgammaS was uncaged by UV (360 nm) excitation. See the
references cited below for details. The experiments shown here were from the Science 1991, Nature 1991,
Science 1993 papers. |
Lechleiter JL, Girard S, Peralta EG, and Clapham DE. Spiral calcium wave propagation and
annihilation in Xenopus oocytes. Science, 1991; 252:123-126.
Lechleiter JL, Girard S, Clapham DE, and Peralta EG. G protein specific residues of muscarinic
receptors determine subcellular patterns of calcium release. Nature, 1991; 350:505-508.
Lechleiter J and Clapham DE. Molecular mechanisms of intracellular calcium release in Xenopus
laevis oocytes. Cell, 1992; 69:1-20.
Bliton C, Lechleiter J, and Clapham DE. Simultaneous ultraviolet and visible excitation confocal
microscopy. Journal of Microscopy, 1993; 169:15-26.
Girard S and Clapham DE. Acceleration of intracellular calcium waves in Xenopus
oocytes by calcium influx. Science, 1993; 260:229-232.
Atri A, Amundson J, Clapham DE, and Sneyd J. A single pool model for intracellular calcium
oscillations and waves in the Xenopus oocyte. Biophysical Journal, 1993; 65:1727-1739.
Girard S and Clapham DE. Simultaneous near ultraviolet and visible excitation microscopy of calcium
transients in Xenopus oocytes. In: Methods in Cell Biology: A practical guide to the study of
Ca2+ in living cells, [R. Nuccitelli, ed], Academic Press, 1994; 40:263-284.
Bliton C, Lechleiter J, and Clapham DE. Simultaneous ultraviolet and visible wavelength confocal
microscopy. In: Confocal Microscopy, [Stevens J, Mills L, and Trogadis J, eds], Academic Press,
1994; 95-100.
Clapham DE. Calcium Signalling. Cell, 1995; 80:259-269.
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